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紫薯(学名:Ipomoea batatas,英文:Sweet potato),是旋花科番薯属一年生草本植物。单叶互生,叶片有心形、鸡爪形等;雄花序为穗状花序,苞片卵形,渐尖,花被浅杯状;薯形长纺锤,薯肉呈紫色至深紫色;种子圆形,具翅;花期初夏,6~8月为结薯期。[5]因其薯肉肉质细腻,呈紫色至深紫色而得名“紫薯”。[6]
紫薯产于南美洲,[7]中国从2002年开始引进紫薯,在四川、重庆、云南、贵州等地区有大规模栽培。[8]紫薯属短日照作物,需要光照充足、强度大,生长期间土壤需要大量水分;[9]在深厚、土质疏松、富含有机质的土壤种植最适宜;其繁殖方式有扦插繁殖,还可利用薯块进行种植。[10]